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Proven and inexpensive: heating oil

Petroleum is a proven energy source that we cannot do without. However, as a limited resource, petroleum is far too precious to be burned with poor efficiency. Therefore, if you use oil for heating, replace old boilers and choose only products of the latest, energy-efficient generation.

Oil is a fossil fuel. This means that it has been formed over millions of years by organic deposits and therefore cannot renew itself quickly. It is extracted from the earth's interior, processed in refineries and offered in various qualities, which today have fewer and fewer pollutants. When burned, CO2 is released into the atmosphere.

Since switching to a new energy source is usually more expensive than renovating an old oil heating system, the second option is recommended in many cases. This is particularly advisable if part of the renovation capital freed up in this way is used for energy-efficient building refurbishment. This is because old buildings are often miserable from an energy point of view. Very large savings can be achieved with a small investment.

From this point of view, the renovation of an oil heating system with simultaneous optimization of the building envelope can be much more environmentally friendly than an expensive switch to a CO2-neutral heating system without renovation of the building envelope.

An oil heating system can also be combined with renewable energies, for example with a solar system for water heating.

Condensing oil boiler

The energy saving concept - save energy three times !

1. due to the unique flue gas routing in the boiler, firing efficiencies of 99% can be achieved, without flue gas fan and without additional boiler circuit pump.
2. the electrical power consumption is therefore also lower than with conventional boilers.
3. the possibility of drawing the combustion air for the burner directly from the outside brings the advantage that the boiler room is not cooled down unnecessarily.

Conventional oil boiler

A low-temperature boiler is a boiler that can be operated continuously with a low inlet temperature of the heating return water of 35 to 40 degrees Celsius and in which condensation of the water vapor contained in the exhaust gases can and may occur under certain circumstances.

The boiler, often called NT boiler for short, is suitable for operation with very low or for variable boiler water temperatures in a sliding mode.

The standard efficiency of a low-temperature boiler today reaches over 90%.

Gas heating remains a fixed variable

Less particulate matter and CO2: Homeowners who renovate their heating system often switch to natural gas as an energy source.

A quarter less carbon dioxide than with heating oil and significantly less particulate matter than firing firewood: although not a renewable energy source, natural gas can significantly improve the pollutant balance when heating.

Modulating and condensing

More than 90% of the gas boilers sold are equipped with so-called condensing technology. This makes use of the exhaust gas heat, which increases efficiency and saves up to 15% energy. Almost all modern systems also have a modulating burner, which can adjust the flame size. Adjusted to the external weather conditions and the building-related power demand, the number of burner switch-ons is reduced. However, the minimum burner capacity must be kept low. Burners with a wide modulation range of 1:10 are ideal, i.e. the output of the gas heating system is variable between ten percent and 100 percent.

Natural gas heating systems can also support water heating and can be easily combined with solar collector systems.

The heaters are available in various versions, with floor-standing boilers or as wall-mounted units. In many cases, the combustion air is supplied from outside, which makes the boiler room usable for other purposes - as a laundry room or craft room. As a cost-saving alternative to the installation of a fireplace, the natural gas heating system can be installed in the attic together with a hot water boiler.

Cycle instead of overexploitation: heating with wood!

**It is clear to all of us where a sensible energy policy is aiming: We want to protect the climate, increase our country's security of supply and strengthen our national economy. Away from fossil overexploitation, towards renewable and environmentally friendly energy sources - that is the order of the day.

Anyone who heats with wood supports all these goals at once. And wood is available in sufficient quantities. In Switzerland, the consumption of firewood can easily be doubled without straining the forests. On the contrary, we are keeping the forests fit and healthy.

Switching to wood as a heat source is a measure that can be implemented in the short term, brings great relief and, what's more, serves the national economy. A sensible thing through and through.

Wood is considered a CO2-neutral fuel, because when wood is burned or decomposes, it releases just as much CO2 as the tree previously filtered out of the atmosphere.

Wood is sustainably produced in our forests from solar energy, carbon dioxide, water and nutrients dissolved in it.

Heating with wood is therefore heating in the cycle of nature.

log wood

Lump wood is still the most common wood fuel.

Those who choose logwood have enough space to store the fuel and usually have a close relationship with the forest and wood.

Who decides for log wood, decides for conscious heating and is ready to accept a certain expenditure.

Pellet

The homeowner of today thinks environmentally conscious and likes to be a small step ahead of his time. He makes the highest technical demands and wants to save on space instead of comfort. Those who want to heat in a CO2-neutral way and at the same time do not want to do without automatic heating rely on pellets.

To produce the small, 5 to 45 millimeter long and cylindrical pellets, sawdust and wood shavings from the woodworking industry are pressed through a sieve under high pressure, almost like vermicelle.

Thanks to the homogeneous nature of the fuel, very efficient and uniform combustion is achieved in the pellet heaters, with little ash.

The density of pellets is 1.5 to 2 times higher than that of lump wood, depending on the type of wood. 2 kilograms of pellets replace 1 liter of fuel oil and require only about twice as much space for storage. The production of pellets requires far less energy than the whole manufacturing process would suggest. The share of gray energy in the pellets is no more than 10%.

chips

The owner of a residential house or a small business wants to heat with wood. In order to keep the operating costs small, he decides to use an automatic wood chip furnace.

Wood chip furnaces have been used successfully for years for heating large buildings, industrial plants and for operating local heating networks.

Thanks to enormous technical developments, woodchip heating systems are now also available for properties with a small heat requirement.

The smallest boiler types have a controllable heat output from 5 kW. This makes them suitable for larger single-family homes, apartment buildings and smaller commercial enterprises.

Neighboring buildings are often connected to a central wood chip furnace.

In modern furnaces, both forest-fresh and dry chips can be burned without any problems.

Heating with heat pumps

The use of ambient heat by heat pumps is in vogue. For single-family houses, the heating system has been the first choice for several years now.[Heating with heat pumps].

The heat pump has established itself as a heating system: In Switzerland, more than three quarters of newly built single-family homes are equipped with heat pumps. In addition, every second renovated property is newly equipped with them. In large residential buildings, too, heat pumps account for almost 50 percent of the heating market.

The heat pump uses renewable ambient heat from the ground, outside air or groundwater. The ambient heat is raised to a higher temperature level by the heat pump and transferred to the heating system. Heating temperatures between 30 and a maximum of 55 °C can be covered with a heat pump. In addition, lowering the heating water temperature by 5 °C increases the annual performance factor of a heat pump by around 10 %.

From a depth of 15 meters, the temperature below the earth's surface is determined exclusively by geological and geothermal conditions.

This means that the temperature remains almost constant throughout the year. For every 100 meters of depth, the earth's temperature increases by 3 °C on average. At a depth of 200 meters, for example, the temperature ranges from 15 to 17 °C.

Unlike fossil fuels, geothermal energy is a renewable source of energy that has little impact on the environment.

How heat pumps work

**With one unit of electricity, a heat pump can generate two to five units of heat, depending on the heat source.

The way a heat pump works is similar to that of a refrigerator. The refrigerator heats the environment and cools inside it.

The heat pump does the same, extracting heat from the air, earth or water and releasing it inside the building.

In addition to this, the heat pump raises the low heat source temperature to the level of the heating temperature thanks to a cycle process with compression and heat transfer.

Air-to-water heat pump

**The simple function makes air-water heat pumps universally applicable.

To heat the inside of a house, the air-to-water heat pump extracts energy from the outside air. The heat pump can be placed either outside or in the basement of the house.

The air-water heat pump can be used all year round. Depending on the temperature of the heat source, the air-to-water heat pump requires more electricity to compress the extracted heat and bring it to the required flow temperature for heating.

The favorable initial costs of this heat pump compensate to a certain extent for the somewhat higher operating costs.

Brine-to-water heat pump

**The brine-to-water heat pump uses the ground as a heat source.

Compared to an air-to-water heat pump, it differs in the design of the evaporator (heat exchanger). This is flowed through by a water/antifreeze mixture (brine), which transfers the heat absorbed from the ground to the evaporator. The brine circulates in plastic pipes laid in the ground.

There are several systems to tap the energy storage "ground". The most common system today is that of geothermal probes: The pipes are inserted in vertical conduits.

The performance and efficiency of the heat pump depends, among other things, on how high the temperature of the heat source is. The higher the better. On average, geothermal probes have higher brine temperatures because the temperature increases with depth. Also, a larger earth body and thus greater heat content is tapped than with near-surface systems, which also cool down towards the top in winter. In summer, surface collectors usually have higher brine temperatures than borehole heat exchangers because the ground is heated by the sun. However, this higher temperature is not of much use, since there is hardly any heat demand in summer. The geothermal probe has more balanced temperatures over the year, which also leads to smaller fluctuations in output.

Water-to-water heat pump

**Groundwater as a heat source.

The heat source groundwater is ideally suited for monovalent (only one heat source in the house) heat pump operation, due to the low temperature fluctuations (at least 7 - 12 degrees) from groundwater. However, bivalent operation is also possible.

• These systems must always be approved by the water protection office.
• For the operation a production well as well as a soakaway are necessary.
• The amount of water to be extracted depends on the heat output of the heat pump.
• The required water quantity, quality and temperature for the operation of a well system is not guaranteed everywhere.

Solar systems

**The sun provides energy in any weather - safe, clean and free of charge.

The amount of energy hitting the earth's surface is more than five thousand times greater than the energy needed worldwide. Only a small part of this solar radiation is harnessed by solar systems. Heat (solar thermal) or electricity (photovoltaic) can be produced from the sun's energy.

The energy generated by a solar system is free, environmentally friendly and renewable.

The advantages of photovoltaic or thermal use of solar energy through solar systems are:.

• unlimited availability of solar energy
• no release of fine dust or greenhouse gases (environmentally friendly)
• reduction of energy losses through transmission and distribution
• elimination of price cartels of large energy producers (lower energy prices)
• elimination of the need for large reserve capacities
• reduced energy policy dependencies

photovolatics

Photovoltaics is the conversion of solar radiation into electrical energy, solar electricity. A solar system consists of solar cells that generate electricity. The more light falls on the cells, the more current flows.

The electricity produced by the solar system is either used for self-supply, i.e. stored, or converted into alternating current and fed into the public power grid.

An exclusive power supply by solar systems is currently only possible to a limited extent, since the solar radiation is subject to daily and seasonal fluctuations. A 10 m2 solar surface delivers about 1 KWp (kWp = power at max. solar irradiation).

In our latitudes, a yield of at least 800 kWh per kWp of installed power per year is indicated.

The average lifetime of a solar system is 30 years. After only one to three years, solar systems produce the amount of energy that was needed for their production. After that, they produce emission-free electricity. Photovoltaic systems therefore have an excellent energy balance and allow the energy for self-production to be generated.

Solar heat

In order to use solar heat, solar collectors are (usually) needed on the roof. Sun rays heat a liquid in them. This circulates in a closed loop and gives its heat to the hot water we need in the house..

The simplest way to use solar heat is to use solar collectors to heat part of the water we need for showering, bathing and washing. With solar collectors of about 4 m2 it is possible to provide about 2/3 of the hot water needs of a four-person household.

Furthermore, additional solar collectors can be used for heating support in spring and autumn. Solar collectors are best combined with a heat pump system.

The service life of solar systems with collectors is given as over 30 years, and the operating and maintenance costs are kept low.

Renovation of existing chimney systems

"Does my chimney system need to be rehabilitated? " In response, we pose two counter-questions:

1. is your heating system being replaced?
2. have you noticed any damage to the existing fireplace system?

If your heating system is being replaced, a chimney renovation will be unavoidable. The new boiler will be a condensing type. This means that the chimney system must be condensate and overpressure tight.

Even if your chimney system has already been renovated in recent years - for example, by installing a chrome steel pipe - it is not suitable for the new technology. Also, there have been new VKF (Association of Cantonal Fire Insurers) regulations that require a chimney to be back-ventilated. This also has to do with the fact that new boilers require a positive pressure chimney.

If you have found damage to the existing chimney system, this must be assessed in order to determine how to proceed.

What damage can occur if I do not renovate my chimney system: Sooting! If the exhaust gases condense in the chimney and the condensate is absorbed by the chimney stone, the stone begins to rot. On the one hand, this leads to ugly stains on the chimney wall in the house or in the screed. On the other hand, the stone loses its load-bearing strength, which can lead to the collapse of the fireplace.

How expensive is a chimney renovation? Normally, a chimney renovation is very simple and without major contamination. The work is carried out from the basement and the roof and is completed within a day.

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